Infant massage consists of both tactile stimulation with moderate pressure and kinesthetic stimulation that takes the form of rocking or passive extension and flexion of limbs. Despite claims regarding the benefits of massage in high-risk infants, serious methodological flaws in nine studies of high-risk infants indicated that a number of rival explanations are equally plausible for explaining positive findings. There is insufficient evidence to support the use of this practice for improving cognitive, motor, and social-emotional outcomes in high-risk infants.